While export financing transactions can carry numerous risks, the current situation in the European Union (EU) and specifically the turmoil in Cyprus highlight two of the primary risks in export finance; political instability and currency risk. The euro, which is the common currency between the 17 countries that make up the EU, has been under varying amounts of pressure since 2009 when financial issues for several member countries started to surface. Distressed member countries include Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Spain, Italy, and most recently Cyprus.
The financial issues for these and other beleaguered countries start with sovereign debt levels that make it difficult to access capital without paying above market rates. The excessive sovereign debt of these countries has in turn put pressure on the banks, which in many cases are much larger than the economies of the struggling country.
While the situation in Cyprus has largely been contained, it appears to be only a matter of time before the next financial crisis hits another member of the EU. This also means that businesses that rely on export finance should remain vigilant against potential volatility.
Measures that can serve to mitigate the inherent risks include currency hedges, shortening payment terms, having payments made in a currency that is not exposed to the level of volatility as is being experienced on either side of the transaction, and/or a combination of these options. In any case advance planning for these events, even in times of relative quiet, can make the difference between having a pre-set plan to put into action and scrambling to understand and react to volatile circumstances while wondering how much money is at risk of being lost.